Packet #452848 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from MB1 3fac (MB1) to !266feb74

Total Receptions

Unique Gateways

Hop Count

Payload Bytes

Packet Information

Database ID:	452848
Mesh Packet ID:	`0x2d703a5b` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2026-04-30 12:37:07 UTC
From Node:	MB1 3fac (MB1)
To Node:	!266feb74 (eb74)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	TRACEROUTE_APP Port: 70

Gateway:	Cabanas-GW-8🇵🇹 (GLGW)
Channel:	LongFast
RSSI:	-90 dBm
SNR:	4.0 dBm
Hop Info:	3/3 hops Start: 3, Limit: 0
Relay Node:	`a7` GT02 Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions

Payload Data

Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP

Size: 51 bytes

Decoded: Yes

Decoded Data:

Route Information

Route Path:	CadizIoT Los Cortijillos d790 (Cort) → CadizIoT Sierra de Luna dc8e (CISL) → Tavira/Poente☀️-GT-8🇵🇹 (GT02) → Cabanas-GW-8🇵🇹 (GLGW)
Hop Count:	3 hops
Status:	Incomplete - Final destination not reached
SNR Towards:	-15.25 dB -0.75 dB -13.25 dB 4.0 dB

Route Visualization

Loading route map...

Map shows the geographic path if nodes have shared location data.

Traceroute Steps

Hop	From Node	To Node	Distance	SNR (dB)	Direction	Analysis
1	MB1 3fac (MB1)	CadizIoT Los Cortijillos d790 (Cort)	3.87 km	-15.25 dB	Origin	Hops
2	CadizIoT Los Cortijillos d790 (Cort)	CadizIoT Sierra de Luna dc8e (CISL)	13.68 km	-0.75 dB	Relay	Hops
3	CadizIoT Sierra de Luna dc8e (CISL)	Tavira/Poente☀️-GT-8🇵🇹 (GT02)	220.19 km	-13.25 dB	Relay	Hops
4	Tavira/Poente☀️-GT-8🇵🇹 (GT02)	Cabanas-GW-8🇵🇹 (GLGW)	4.37 km	4.0 dB	Relay	Hops
Traceroute incomplete - Final destination not reached

Total Forward Distance

242.11 km

Combined Traceroute Graph

Controls: Drag nodes to rearrange • Mouse wheel to zoom • Click and drag background to pan • Hover for details

Building graph...

Legend & Paths

Nodes

🔄 Router Node

📡 Gateway Node

🚀 Source Node

🎯 Target Node

Connections

RF Link

Gateway Connection

Direct Reception (0 hops)

Packet Paths

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Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	51 bytes
Gateway:	!d45ab7f0
Channel:	LongFast
Payload Type:	TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:	3 / 3

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Direct Message

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 2 more...

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
+ 2 more...

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!d45ab7f0` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`LongFast` Default public channel
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (51 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Canonical MeshPacket view reconstructed from stored protobuf bytes.

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`3127197612` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`644868980` Target node ID	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`TRACEROUTE_APP` TRACEROUTE_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`51` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	Not set	uint32
`hop_start`	`3` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`3` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	`-90.0` dBm Signal strength at gateway	int32
`rx_snr`	`4.00` dB Signal quality at gateway	float
`rx_time`	`1777552626` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	True Acknowledgment requested	bool
`priority`	Not set	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	`8` Channel index	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`167` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	Not set	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
✓ Targeted to specific node
✓ Gateway node ID tracked

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Default channel - no encryption
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ Multi-hop path visible (3 hops)
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT-Specific Fields

Want ack:	`True`
Gateway ID:	`!d45ab7f0`
Signal Metrics:	RSSI: -90.0 dBm SNR: 4.00 dB

Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:

Protocol:	TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:	51 bytes
Decoded:	Yes

Complete Payload Data (JSON):

{ "route_nodes": [ 2320291728, 3813661838, 1154750631, 3562715120 ], "snr_towards": [ -15.25, -0.75, -13.25, 4.0 ], "route_back": [], "snr_back": [], "route_node_names": { "1154750631": "Tavira/Poente☀️-GT-8🇵🇹 (GT02)", "3127197612": "MB1 3fac (MB1)", "3813661838": "CadizIoT Sierra de Luna dc8e (CISL)", "2320291728": "CadizIoT Los Cortijillos d790 (Cort)", "3562715120": "Cabanas-GW-8🇵🇹 (GLGW)", "644868980": "!266feb74" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 452848, "timestamp": 1777552627.4339373, "from_node_id": 3127197612, "to_node_id": 644868980, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!d45ab7f0", "channel_id": "LongFast", "mesh_packet_id": 762329691, "rssi": -90, "snr": 4.0, "hop_limit": 0, "hop_start": 3, "payload_length": 51, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a1090d74c8a8edc4fe3a718d444f0b75ad4121fc3ffffffffffffffff01fdffffffffffffffff01cbffffffffffffffff0110", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1777552626, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 167, "tx_after": 0, "raw_service_envelope": "0a6e0dac3f65ba1574eb6f2618082a3ba090cd7b06ba342ae08ea8438ad964eb7fdd4bcc2144fd22663b800e64a46148f3c876ecf648422469272507245ccba01d06b466c78ed82b7a2e18355b3a702d3df24cf3694500008040500160a6ffffffffffffffff0178039801a701a8010112084c6f6e67466173741a09216434356162376630", "timestamp_str": "2026-04-30 12:37:07 UTC", "hop_count": 3, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "MB1 3fac (MB1)", "to_node_name": "!266feb74", "relay_hex": "a7", "relay_candidates": [ { "node_id": 1154750631, "node_name": "Tavira/Poente☀️-GT-8🇵🇹", "hex_id": "!44d418a7", "short_name": "GT02", "last_byte": "a7" } ], "gateway_name": "Cabanas-GW-8🇵🇹 (GLGW)", "gateway_location": { "node_id": 3562715120, "latitude": 37.1351552, "longitude": -7.606272, "altitude": null, "timestamp": 1778933137.751255, "timestamp_str": "2026-05-16 13:05:37", "display_name": "Cabanas-GW-8🇵🇹", "long_name": "Cabanas-GW-8🇵🇹", "short_name": "GLGW", "hw_model": "SEEED_XIAO_S3" } }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 452848, "from_node_id": 3127197612, "to_node_id": 644868980, "timestamp": 1777552627.4339373, "gateway_id": "!d45ab7f0", "raw_payload": "0a1090d74c8a8edc4fe3a718d444f0b75ad4121fc3ffffffffffffffff01fdffffffffffffffff01cbffffffffffffffff0110", "hop_limit": 0, "hop_start": 3, "from_node_name": "MB1 3fac (MB1)", "to_node_name": "!266feb74", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 2320291728, 3813661838, 1154750631, 3562715120 ], "snr_towards": [ -15.25, -0.75, -13.25, 4.0 ], "route_back": [], "snr_back": [] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward", "node_ids": [ 3127197612, 2320291728, 3813661838, 1154750631, 3562715120 ], "node_names": [ "MB1 3fac (MB1)", "CadizIoT Los Cortijillos d790 (Cort)", "CadizIoT Sierra de Luna dc8e (CISL)", "Tavira/Poente☀️-GT-8🇵🇹 (GT02)", "Cabanas-GW-8🇵🇹 (GLGW)" ], "snr_values": [ -15.25, -0.75, -13.25, 4.0 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3127197612, "to_node_id": 2320291728, "from_node_name": "MB1 3fac (MB1)", "to_node_name": "CadizIoT Los Cortijillos d790 (Cort)", "snr": -15.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 3866.096682110125, "from_location_timestamp": 1777551027.8244667, "to_location_timestamp": 1777439622.445617, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.4h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.3d ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2320291728, "to_node_id": 3813661838, "from_node_name": "CadizIoT Los Cortijillos d790 (Cort)", "to_node_name": "CadizIoT Sierra de Luna dc8e (CISL)", "snr": -0.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 13682.33163146356, "from_location_timestamp": 1777439622.445617, "to_location_timestamp": 1777532060.1146333, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.3d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 5.7h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 3813661838, "to_node_id": 1154750631, "from_node_name": "CadizIoT Sierra de Luna dc8e (CISL)", "to_node_name": "Tavira/Poente☀️-GT-8🇵🇹 (GT02)", "snr": -13.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 220193.24775802705, "from_location_timestamp": 1777532060.1146333, "to_location_timestamp": 1777500091.9574325, "from_location_age_warning": "from 5.7h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 14.6h ago" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 1154750631, "to_node_id": 3562715120, "from_node_name": "Tavira/Poente☀️-GT-8🇵🇹 (GT02)", "to_node_name": "Cabanas-GW-8🇵🇹 (GLGW)", "snr": 4.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 4369.9380462184945, "from_location_timestamp": 1777500091.9574325, "to_location_timestamp": 1777539707.927202, "from_location_age_warning": "from 14.6h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 3.6h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 4 }, "return_path": null, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "forward_rf", "node_ids": [ 3127197612, 2320291728, 3813661838, 1154750631, 3562715120 ], "node_names": [ "MB1 3fac (MB1)", "CadizIoT Los Cortijillos d790 (Cort)", "CadizIoT Sierra de Luna dc8e (CISL)", "Tavira/Poente☀️-GT-8🇵🇹 (GT02)", "Cabanas-GW-8🇵🇹 (GLGW)" ], "snr_values": [ -15.25, -0.75, -13.25, 4.0 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3127197612, "to_node_id": 2320291728, "from_node_name": "MB1 3fac (MB1)", "to_node_name": "CadizIoT Los Cortijillos d790 (Cort)", "snr": -15.25, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 3866.096682110125, "from_location_timestamp": 1777551027.8244667, "to_location_timestamp": 1777439622.445617, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.4h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.3d ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2320291728, "to_node_id": 3813661838, "from_node_name": "CadizIoT Los Cortijillos d790 (Cort)", "to_node_name": "CadizIoT Sierra de Luna dc8e (CISL)", "snr": -0.75, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 13682.33163146356, "from_location_timestamp": 1777439622.445617, "to_location_timestamp": 1777532060.1146333, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.3d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 5.7h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 3813661838, "to_node_id": 1154750631, "from_node_name": "CadizIoT Sierra de Luna dc8e (CISL)", "to_node_name": "Tavira/Poente☀️-GT-8🇵🇹 (GT02)", "snr": -13.25, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 220193.24775802705, "from_location_timestamp": 1777532060.1146333, "to_location_timestamp": 1777500091.9574325, "from_location_age_warning": "from 5.7h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 14.6h ago" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 1154750631, "to_node_id": 3562715120, "from_node_name": "Tavira/Poente☀️-GT-8🇵🇹 (GT02)", "to_node_name": "Cabanas-GW-8🇵🇹 (GLGW)", "snr": 4.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 4369.9380462184945, "from_location_timestamp": 1777500091.9574325, "to_location_timestamp": 1777539707.927202, "from_location_age_warning": "from 14.6h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 3.6h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 4 } }, "has_return_path": false, "is_complete": false, "forward_path_display": "MB1 3fac (MB1) → CadizIoT Los Cortijillos d790 (Cort) → CadizIoT Sierra de Luna dc8e (CISL) → Tavira/Poente☀️-GT-8🇵🇹 (GT02) → Cabanas-GW-8🇵🇹 (GLGW)", "return_path_display": null, "actual_rf_path_display": "MB1 3fac (MB1) → CadizIoT Los Cortijillos d790 (Cort) → CadizIoT Sierra de Luna dc8e (CISL) → Tavira/Poente☀️-GT-8🇵🇹 (GT02) → Cabanas-GW-8🇵🇹 (GLGW)", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3127197612, "to_node_id": 2320291728, "from_node_name": "MB1 3fac (MB1)", "to_node_name": "CadizIoT Los Cortijillos d790 (Cort)", "snr": -15.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 3866.096682110125, "from_location_timestamp": 1777551027.8244667, "to_location_timestamp": 1777439622.445617, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.4h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.3d ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2320291728, "to_node_id": 3813661838, "from_node_name": "CadizIoT Los Cortijillos d790 (Cort)", "to_node_name": "CadizIoT Sierra de Luna dc8e (CISL)", "snr": -0.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 13682.33163146356, "from_location_timestamp": 1777439622.445617, "to_location_timestamp": 1777532060.1146333, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.3d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 5.7h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 3813661838, "to_node_id": 1154750631, "from_node_name": "CadizIoT Sierra de Luna dc8e (CISL)", "to_node_name": "Tavira/Poente☀️-GT-8🇵🇹 (GT02)", "snr": -13.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 220193.24775802705, "from_location_timestamp": 1777532060.1146333, "to_location_timestamp": 1777500091.9574325, "from_location_age_warning": "from 5.7h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 14.6h ago" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 1154750631, "to_node_id": 3562715120, "from_node_name": "Tavira/Poente☀️-GT-8🇵🇹 (GT02)", "to_node_name": "Cabanas-GW-8🇵🇹 (GLGW)", "snr": 4.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 4369.9380462184945, "from_location_timestamp": 1777500091.9574325, "to_location_timestamp": 1777539707.927202, "from_location_age_warning": "from 14.6h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 3.6h ago" } ], "return_hops": [], "total_forward_distance": 242111.61411781923, "total_return_distance": null }

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "packet": { "from": 3127197612, "to": 644868980, "channel": 8, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "ChCQ10yKjtxP46cY1ETwt1rUEh/D//////////8B/f//////////Acv//////////wEQ", "want_response": true, "bitfield": 3 }, "id": 762329691, "rx_time": 1777552626, "rx_snr": 4.0, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -90, "hop_start": 3, "relay_node": 167, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" }, "channel_id": "LongFast", "gateway_id": "!d45ab7f0" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 3127197612, "to": 644868980, "channel": 8, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "ChCQ10yKjtxP46cY1ETwt1rUEh/D//////////8B/f//////////Acv//////////wEQ", "want_response": true, "bitfield": 3, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 2320291728, 3813661838, 1154750631, 3562715120 ], "snr_towards": [ -61, -3, -53, 16 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } }, "id": 762329691, "rx_time": 1777552626, "rx_snr": 4.0, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -90, "hop_start": 3, "relay_node": 167, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" } }

Raw Packet Data (51 bytes)

0a1090d74c8a8edc4fe3a718d444f0b75ad4121fc3ffffffffffffffff01fdffffffffffffffff01cbffffffffffffffff0110

Hex Analysis:

Size:	51 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

All Receptions

All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID

Gateway	Time Offset	RSSI	SNR	Hops	Relay	Channel	Timestamp	Actions
Cabanas-GW-8🇵🇹 (GLGW) Primary	0.000s Reference	-90.0 dBm	4.00 dB	3	`a7` GT02	LongFast	2026-04-30 12:37:07 UTC	Current
No other receptions found within ±2 seconds

1

Total Receptions

1

Unique Gateways