Packet #2631468 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from Toledo1 (TO1) to !3a13527a

1
Total Receptions
1
Unique Gateways
3
Hop Count
57
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 2631468
Mesh Packet ID: 0x1fbc9cd9
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2026-10-07 16:19:37 UTC
From Node: Toledo1 (TO1)
To Node: !3a13527a (527a)
Success: Processed
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Port: 70
Gateway: EA7KO (7KO)
Channel: SFNarrow
RSSI: -82 dBm
SNR: -6.25 dBm
Hop Info: 3/3 hops
Start: 3, Limit: 0
Relay Node: 7d 897d
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions
Payload Data
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Size: 57 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
Route Information
Route Path: TO_Cobisa_Home_📡🔋🌞 (Ame9)
Hop Count: 0 hops
Status: Forward incomplete, Return in progress
SNR Towards: 11.75 dB 11.75 dB
Return Path: AB - Capella 🌞🗼 (Cap) → EA7-JA-001 🫒 (JA01) → EA7-CO-014 (CO14) → !2b39ef06 → !921c897d
SNR Back: 3.25 dB 2.75 dB -6.75 dB 10.0 dB -5.75 dB
Traceroute Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 !3a13527a TO_Cobisa_Home_📡🔋🌞 (Ame9) Unknown 11.75 dB Origin Hops
2 TO_Cobisa_Home_📡🔋🌞 (Ame9) Toledo1 (TO1) Unknown 11.75 dB Relay Hops
Traceroute incomplete - Final destination not reached
Return Path Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 Toledo1 (TO1) AB - Capella 🌞🗼 (Cap) 237.01 km 3.25 dB Return Start Hops
2 AB - Capella 🌞🗼 (Cap) EA7-JA-001 🫒 (JA01) 172.71 km 2.75 dB Return Relay Hops
3 EA7-JA-001 🫒 (JA01) EA7-CO-014 (CO14) Unknown -6.75 dB Return Relay Hops
4 EA7-CO-014 (CO14) !2b39ef06 Unknown 10.0 dB Return Relay Hops
5 !2b39ef06 !921c897d Unknown -5.75 dB Return End Hops
Total Return Distance
409.72 km
Combined Traceroute Graph
· edge width = packets · node size = traffic · square = gateway
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Receptions
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Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:57 bytes
Gateway:!699b3978
Channel:SFNarrow
Payload Type:TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:3 / 3
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Direct Message
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 3 more...
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ Multi-hop path visible (3 hops)
+ 1 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

FieldValue
gateway_id !699b3978
Node ID format
channel_id SFNarrow
packet MeshPacket (57 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Canonical MeshPacket view reconstructed from stored protobuf bytes.

FieldValueType
from 1576445195
Source node ID 		uint32
to 974344826
Target node ID 		uint32
decoded.portnum TRACEROUTE_APP
TRACEROUTE_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 57 bytes size
hop_limit Not set uint32
hop_start 3
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 3
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -82.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr -6.25 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1791389977
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack True
Acknowledgment requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel 32
Channel index 		uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 125
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp Not set uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Acknowledgment requested
  • ✓ Targeted to specific node
  • ✓ Custom channel: SFNarrow
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ Multi-hop path visible (3 hops)
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Want ack: True
Gateway ID: !699b3978
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -82.0 dBm
SNR: -6.25 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:57 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "route_nodes": [ 2731498017 ], "snr_towards": [ 11.75, 11.75 ], "route_back": [ 3858178101, 4189515888, 2822577603, 725217030, 2451343741 ], "snr_back": [ 3.25, 2.75, -6.75, 10.0, -5.75 ], "route_node_names": { "2731498017": "TO_Cobisa_Home_📡🔋🌞 (Ame9)", "2822577603": "EA7-CO-014 (CO14)", "725217030": "!2b39ef06", "1576445195": "Toledo1 (TO1)", "4189515888": "EA7-JA-001 🫒 (JA01)", "3858178101": "AB - Capella 🌞🗼 (Cap)", "974344826": "!3a13527a", "2451343741": "!921c897d" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 2631468, "timestamp": 1791389977.9425638, "from_node_id": 1576445195, "to_node_id": 974344826, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!699b3978", "channel_id": "SFNarrow", "mesh_packet_id": 532454617, "rssi": -82, "snr": -6.25, "hop_limit": 0, "hop_start": 3, "payload_length": 57, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a04215acfa212022f2f1a143520f7e570f0b6f9c31d3da806ef392b7d891c9222170d0be5ffffffffffffffff0128e9ffffffffffffffff01", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1791389977, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 125, "tx_after": 0, "raw_service_envelope": "0a760d0ba5f65d157a52133a18202a44e1c560048748e814d7c5f000ff77b086d508390b0c4a2de2cc99e29039ff8e752716ab357ea1ba9314da392a1c744963fc1abffe5e5655b2dc82d0542cec92fefa495d6435d99cbc1f3d1971c66a450000c8c0500160aeffffffffffffffff01780398017da80101120853464e6172726f771a09213639396233393738", "timestamp_str": "2026-10-07 16:19:37 UTC", "hop_count": 3, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "Toledo1 (TO1)", "to_node_name": "!3a13527a", "relay_hex": "7d", "relay_candidates": [ { "node_id": 2451343741, "node_name": "!921c897d", "hex_id": "!921c897d", "short_name": "897d", "last_byte": "7d" } ], "gateway_name": "EA7KO (7KO)", "gateway_location": { "node_id": 1771780472, "latitude": 37.3424128, "longitude": -6.0686336, "altitude": 83, "timestamp": 1791617856.2695785, "timestamp_str": "2026-10-10 08:37:36", "display_name": "EA7KO ", "long_name": "EA7KO ", "short_name": "7KO", "hw_model": "HELTEC_V4" } }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 2631468, "from_node_id": 1576445195, "to_node_id": 974344826, "timestamp": 1791389977.9425638, "gateway_id": "!699b3978", "raw_payload": "0a04215acfa212022f2f1a143520f7e570f0b6f9c31d3da806ef392b7d891c9222170d0be5ffffffffffffffff0128e9ffffffffffffffff01", "hop_limit": 0, "hop_start": 3, "from_node_name": "Toledo1 (TO1)", "to_node_name": "!3a13527a", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 2731498017 ], "snr_towards": [ 11.75, 11.75 ], "route_back": [ 3858178101, 4189515888, 2822577603, 725217030, 2451343741 ], "snr_back": [ 3.25, 2.75, -6.75, 10.0, -5.75 ] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward_with_return", "node_ids": [ 974344826, 2731498017, 1576445195 ], "node_names": [ "!3a13527a", "TO_Cobisa_Home_📡🔋🌞 (Ame9)", "Toledo1 (TO1)" ], "snr_values": [ 11.75, 11.75 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 974344826, "to_node_id": 2731498017, "from_node_name": "!3a13527a", "to_node_name": "TO_Cobisa_Home_📡🔋🌞 (Ame9)", "snr": 11.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2731498017, "to_node_id": 1576445195, "from_node_name": "TO_Cobisa_Home_📡🔋🌞 (Ame9)", "to_node_name": "Toledo1 (TO1)", "snr": 11.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 2 }, "return_path": { "path_type": "return", "node_ids": [ 1576445195, 3858178101, 4189515888, 2822577603, 725217030, 2451343741 ], "node_names": [ "Toledo1 (TO1)", "AB - Capella 🌞🗼 (Cap)", "EA7-JA-001 🫒 (JA01)", "EA7-CO-014 (CO14)", "!2b39ef06", "!921c897d" ], "snr_values": [ 3.25, 2.75, -6.75, 10.0, -5.75 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 1576445195, "to_node_id": 3858178101, "from_node_name": "Toledo1 (TO1)", "to_node_name": "AB - Capella 🌞🗼 (Cap)", "snr": 3.25, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 237012.44517673022, "from_location_timestamp": 1791239948.1112115, "to_location_timestamp": 1791303768.1350482, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.7d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 23.9h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 3858178101, "to_node_id": 4189515888, "from_node_name": "AB - Capella 🌞🗼 (Cap)", "to_node_name": "EA7-JA-001 🫒 (JA01)", "snr": 2.75, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 172706.75931392162, "from_location_timestamp": 1791303768.1350482, "to_location_timestamp": 1790227615.836585, "from_location_age_warning": "from 23.9h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.9w ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 4189515888, "to_node_id": 2822577603, "from_node_name": "EA7-JA-001 🫒 (JA01)", "to_node_name": "EA7-CO-014 (CO14)", "snr": -6.75, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 2822577603, "to_node_id": 725217030, "from_node_name": "EA7-CO-014 (CO14)", "to_node_name": "!2b39ef06", "snr": 10.0, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 5, "from_node_id": 725217030, "to_node_id": 2451343741, "from_node_name": "!2b39ef06", "to_node_name": "!921c897d", "snr": -5.75, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 5 }, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "combined_rf", "node_ids": [ 974344826, 2731498017, 1576445195, 3858178101, 4189515888, 2822577603, 725217030, 2451343741 ], "node_names": [ "!3a13527a", "TO_Cobisa_Home_📡🔋🌞 (Ame9)", "Toledo1 (TO1)", "AB - Capella 🌞🗼 (Cap)", "EA7-JA-001 🫒 (JA01)", "EA7-CO-014 (CO14)", "!2b39ef06", "!921c897d" ], "snr_values": [ 11.75, 11.75, 3.25, 2.75, -6.75, 10.0, -5.75 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 974344826, "to_node_id": 2731498017, "from_node_name": "!3a13527a", "to_node_name": "TO_Cobisa_Home_📡🔋🌞 (Ame9)", "snr": 11.75, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2731498017, "to_node_id": 1576445195, "from_node_name": "TO_Cobisa_Home_📡🔋🌞 (Ame9)", "to_node_name": "Toledo1 (TO1)", "snr": 11.75, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 1576445195, "to_node_id": 3858178101, "from_node_name": "Toledo1 (TO1)", "to_node_name": "AB - Capella 🌞🗼 (Cap)", "snr": 3.25, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 237012.44517673022, "from_location_timestamp": 1791239948.1112115, "to_location_timestamp": 1791303768.1350482, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.7d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 23.9h ago" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 3858178101, "to_node_id": 4189515888, "from_node_name": "AB - Capella 🌞🗼 (Cap)", "to_node_name": "EA7-JA-001 🫒 (JA01)", "snr": 2.75, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 172706.75931392162, "from_location_timestamp": 1791303768.1350482, "to_location_timestamp": 1790227615.836585, "from_location_age_warning": "from 23.9h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.9w ago" }, { "hop_number": 5, "from_node_id": 4189515888, "to_node_id": 2822577603, "from_node_name": "EA7-JA-001 🫒 (JA01)", "to_node_name": "EA7-CO-014 (CO14)", "snr": -6.75, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 6, "from_node_id": 2822577603, "to_node_id": 725217030, "from_node_name": "EA7-CO-014 (CO14)", "to_node_name": "!2b39ef06", "snr": 10.0, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 7, "from_node_id": 725217030, "to_node_id": 2451343741, "from_node_name": "!2b39ef06", "to_node_name": "!921c897d", "snr": -5.75, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 7 } }, "has_return_path": true, "is_complete": false, "forward_path_display": "!3a13527a → TO_Cobisa_Home_📡🔋🌞 (Ame9) → Toledo1 (TO1)", "return_path_display": "Toledo1 (TO1) → AB - Capella 🌞🗼 (Cap) → EA7-JA-001 🫒 (JA01) → EA7-CO-014 (CO14) → !2b39ef06 → !921c897d", "actual_rf_path_display": "!3a13527a → TO_Cobisa_Home_📡🔋🌞 (Ame9) → Toledo1 (TO1) → AB - Capella 🌞🗼 (Cap) → EA7-JA-001 🫒 (JA01) → EA7-CO-014 (CO14) → !2b39ef06 → !921c897d", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 974344826, "to_node_id": 2731498017, "from_node_name": "!3a13527a", "to_node_name": "TO_Cobisa_Home_📡🔋🌞 (Ame9)", "snr": 11.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2731498017, "to_node_id": 1576445195, "from_node_name": "TO_Cobisa_Home_📡🔋🌞 (Ame9)", "to_node_name": "Toledo1 (TO1)", "snr": 11.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "return_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 1576445195, "to_node_id": 3858178101, "from_node_name": "Toledo1 (TO1)", "to_node_name": "AB - Capella 🌞🗼 (Cap)", "snr": 3.25, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 237012.44517673022, "from_location_timestamp": 1791239948.1112115, "to_location_timestamp": 1791303768.1350482, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.7d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 23.9h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 3858178101, "to_node_id": 4189515888, "from_node_name": "AB - Capella 🌞🗼 (Cap)", "to_node_name": "EA7-JA-001 🫒 (JA01)", "snr": 2.75, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 172706.75931392162, "from_location_timestamp": 1791303768.1350482, "to_location_timestamp": 1790227615.836585, "from_location_age_warning": "from 23.9h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.9w ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 4189515888, "to_node_id": 2822577603, "from_node_name": "EA7-JA-001 🫒 (JA01)", "to_node_name": "EA7-CO-014 (CO14)", "snr": -6.75, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 2822577603, "to_node_id": 725217030, "from_node_name": "EA7-CO-014 (CO14)", "to_node_name": "!2b39ef06", "snr": 10.0, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 5, "from_node_id": 725217030, "to_node_id": 2451343741, "from_node_name": "!2b39ef06", "to_node_name": "!921c897d", "snr": -5.75, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "total_forward_distance": 0, "total_return_distance": 409719.20449065184 }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "packet": { "from": 1576445195, "to": 974344826, "channel": 32, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "CgQhWs+iEgIvLxoUNSD35XDwtvnDHT2oBu85K32JHJIiFw0L5f//////////ASjp//////////8B", "request_id": 1066509183, "bitfield": 1 }, "id": 532454617, "rx_time": 1791389977, "rx_snr": -6.25, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -82, "hop_start": 3, "relay_node": 125, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" }, "channel_id": "SFNarrow", "gateway_id": "!699b3978" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 1576445195, "to": 974344826, "channel": 32, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "CgQhWs+iEgIvLxoUNSD35XDwtvnDHT2oBu85K32JHJIiFw0L5f//////////ASjp//////////8B", "request_id": 1066509183, "bitfield": 1, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 2731498017 ], "snr_towards": [ 47, 47 ], "route_back": [ 3858178101, 4189515888, 2822577603, 725217030, 2451343741 ], "snr_back": [ 13, 11, -27, 40, -23 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } }, "id": 532454617, "rx_time": 1791389977, "rx_snr": -6.25, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -82, "hop_start": 3, "relay_node": 125, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" } }
Raw Packet Data (57 bytes)
0a04215acfa212022f2f1a143520f7e570f0b6f9c31d3da806ef392b7d891c9222170d0be5ffffffffffffffff0128e9ffffffffffffffff01
Hex Analysis:
Size:57 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
EA7KO (7KO) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-82.0 dBm -6.25 dB 3 7d 897d SFNarrow 2026-10-07 16:19:37 UTC Current
No other receptions found within ±2 seconds
1

Total Receptions

1

Unique Gateways