Packet #2535497 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO) to HSNf-8 (HSNf)

2
Total Receptions
2
Unique Gateways
3
Hop Count
74
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 2535497
Mesh Packet ID: 0xb58098f6
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2026-09-27 21:18:43 UTC
From Node: SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO)
To Node: HSNf-8 (HSNf)
Success: Processed
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Port: 70
Gateway: STechHome 🇵🇹📡-GW-8 (STH)
Channel: LongFast
RSSI: -121 dBm
SNR: -11.5 dBm
Hop Info: 3/3 hops
Start: 3, Limit: 0
Relay Node: f4 page
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions
Payload Data
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Size: 74 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
Route Information
Route Path: VilaReal-8 (VREA)
Hop Count: 0 hops
Status: Forward incomplete, Return in progress
SNR Towards: -20.25 dB -1.25 dB
Return Path: VilaReal-8 (VREA) → SantaHelena-RL-8 (SHLN) → RRSpagerProto-GW-8 (page)
SNR Back: -16.5 dB -2.0 dB -18.25 dB
Traceroute Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 HSNf-8 (HSNf) VilaReal-8 (VREA) 27.41 km -20.25 dB Origin Hops
2 VilaReal-8 (VREA) SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO) 5698.03 km -1.25 dB Relay Hops
Traceroute incomplete - Final destination not reached
Return Path Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO) VilaReal-8 (VREA) 5698.03 km -16.5 dB Return Start Hops
2 VilaReal-8 (VREA) SantaHelena-RL-8 (SHLN) 33.16 km -2.0 dB Return Relay Hops
3 SantaHelena-RL-8 (SHLN) RRSpagerProto-GW-8 (page) Unknown -18.25 dB Return End Hops
Total Forward Distance
5725.44 km
Total Return Distance
5731.19 km
Combined Traceroute Graph
· edge width = packets · node size = traffic · square = gateway
Click a node to focus all receptions through it · click a reception below for its exact route · wheel to zoom · drag background to pan

Building graph...

Route — …
Receptions
Loading receptions...
Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:74 bytes
Gateway:!db51869c
Channel:LongFast
Payload Type:TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:3 / 3
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Direct Message
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 2 more...
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
+ 2 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

FieldValue
gateway_id !db51869c
Node ID format
channel_id LongFast
Default public channel
packet MeshPacket (74 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Canonical MeshPacket view reconstructed from stored protobuf bytes.

FieldValueType
from 4263709028
Source node ID 		uint32
to 2658575116
Target node ID 		uint32
decoded.portnum TRACEROUTE_APP
TRACEROUTE_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 74 bytes size
hop_limit Not set uint32
hop_start 3
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 3
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -121.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr -11.50 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1790543923
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack True
Acknowledgment requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel 8
Channel index 		uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 244
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp Not set uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Acknowledgment requested
  • ✓ Targeted to specific node
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Default channel - no encryption
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ Multi-hop path visible (3 hops)
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Want ack: True
Gateway ID: !db51869c
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -121.0 dBm
SNR: -11.50 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:74 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "route_nodes": [ 2013404405 ], "snr_towards": [ -20.25, -1.25 ], "route_back": [ 2013404405, 1862984455, 3761280500 ], "snr_back": [ -16.5, -2.0, -18.25 ], "route_node_names": { "4263709028": "SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO)", "1862984455": "SantaHelena-RL-8 (SHLN)", "2658575116": "HSNf-8 (HSNf)", "3761280500": "RRSpagerProto-GW-8 (page)", "2013404405": "VilaReal-8 (VREA)" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 2535497, "timestamp": 1790543923.53257, "from_node_id": 4263709028, "to_node_id": 2658575116, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!db51869c", "channel_id": "LongFast", "mesh_packet_id": 3045103862, "rssi": -121, "snr": -11.5, "hop_limit": 0, "hop_start": 3, "payload_length": 74, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a04f51c02781214afffffffffffffffff01fbffffffffffffffff011a0cf51c027807e30a6ff49530e0221ebeffffffffffffffff01f8ffffffffffffffff01b7ffffffffffffffff01", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1790543923, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 244, "tx_after": 0, "raw_service_envelope": "0a85010d640923fe150ca3769e18082a558845ab0ed47e79f2b0e334087eb63981cbf8c81cd60407209d6c363298e7303dcaecdc54d23fc46cfba963db34442075009e99cbcf26a6ad9f2dd6e113c2de4bda90867f0215a6b77bb674f1d3334fd44814cca3f335f69880b53d3388b96a45000038c150016087ffffffffffffffff0178039801f40112084c6f6e67466173741a09216462353138363963", "timestamp_str": "2026-09-27 21:18:43 UTC", "hop_count": 3, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO)", "to_node_name": "HSNf-8 (HSNf)", "relay_hex": "f4", "relay_candidates": [ { "node_id": 3761280500, "node_name": "RRSpagerProto-GW-8", "hex_id": "!e03095f4", "short_name": "page", "last_byte": "f4" } ], "gateway_name": "STechHome 🇵🇹📡-GW-8 (STH)", "gateway_location": null }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 2535497, "from_node_id": 4263709028, "to_node_id": 2658575116, "timestamp": 1790543923.53257, "gateway_id": "!db51869c", "raw_payload": "0a04f51c02781214afffffffffffffffff01fbffffffffffffffff011a0cf51c027807e30a6ff49530e0221ebeffffffffffffffff01f8ffffffffffffffff01b7ffffffffffffffff01", "hop_limit": 0, "hop_start": 3, "from_node_name": "SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO)", "to_node_name": "HSNf-8 (HSNf)", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 2013404405 ], "snr_towards": [ -20.25, -1.25 ], "route_back": [ 2013404405, 1862984455, 3761280500 ], "snr_back": [ -16.5, -2.0, -18.25 ] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward_with_return", "node_ids": [ 2658575116, 2013404405, 4263709028 ], "node_names": [ "HSNf-8 (HSNf)", "VilaReal-8 (VREA)", "SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO)" ], "snr_values": [ -20.25, -1.25 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2658575116, "to_node_id": 2013404405, "from_node_name": "HSNf-8 (HSNf)", "to_node_name": "VilaReal-8 (VREA)", "snr": -20.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 27410.946828453183, "from_location_timestamp": 1790526784.690676, "to_location_timestamp": 1791629432.6272142, "from_location_age_warning": "from 4.8h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.8w later" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2013404405, "to_node_id": 4263709028, "from_node_name": "VilaReal-8 (VREA)", "to_node_name": "SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO)", "snr": -1.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 5698029.667886075, "from_location_timestamp": 1791629432.6272142, "to_location_timestamp": 1790500637.1075459, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.8w later", "to_location_age_warning": "from 12.0h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 2 }, "return_path": { "path_type": "return", "node_ids": [ 4263709028, 2013404405, 1862984455, 3761280500 ], "node_names": [ "SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO)", "VilaReal-8 (VREA)", "SantaHelena-RL-8 (SHLN)", "RRSpagerProto-GW-8 (page)" ], "snr_values": [ -16.5, -2.0, -18.25 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 4263709028, "to_node_id": 2013404405, "from_node_name": "SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO)", "to_node_name": "VilaReal-8 (VREA)", "snr": -16.5, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 5698029.667886075, "from_location_timestamp": 1790500637.1075459, "to_location_timestamp": 1791629432.6272142, "from_location_age_warning": "from 12.0h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.8w later" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2013404405, "to_node_id": 1862984455, "from_node_name": "VilaReal-8 (VREA)", "to_node_name": "SantaHelena-RL-8 (SHLN)", "snr": -2.0, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 33162.38466037458, "from_location_timestamp": 1791629432.6272142, "to_location_timestamp": 1790516050.6370418, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.8w later", "to_location_age_warning": "from 7.7h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 1862984455, "to_node_id": 3761280500, "from_node_name": "SantaHelena-RL-8 (SHLN)", "to_node_name": "RRSpagerProto-GW-8 (page)", "snr": -18.25, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 3 }, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "combined_rf", "node_ids": [ 2658575116, 2013404405, 4263709028, 1862984455, 3761280500 ], "node_names": [ "HSNf-8 (HSNf)", "VilaReal-8 (VREA)", "SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO)", "SantaHelena-RL-8 (SHLN)", "RRSpagerProto-GW-8 (page)" ], "snr_values": [ -20.25, -1.25, -16.5, -2.0, -18.25 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2658575116, "to_node_id": 2013404405, "from_node_name": "HSNf-8 (HSNf)", "to_node_name": "VilaReal-8 (VREA)", "snr": -20.25, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 27410.946828453183, "from_location_timestamp": 1790526784.690676, "to_location_timestamp": 1791629432.6272142, "from_location_age_warning": "from 4.8h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.8w later" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2013404405, "to_node_id": 4263709028, "from_node_name": "VilaReal-8 (VREA)", "to_node_name": "SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO)", "snr": -1.25, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 5698029.667886075, "from_location_timestamp": 1791629432.6272142, "to_location_timestamp": 1790500637.1075459, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.8w later", "to_location_age_warning": "from 12.0h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 4263709028, "to_node_id": 2013404405, "from_node_name": "SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO)", "to_node_name": "VilaReal-8 (VREA)", "snr": -16.5, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 5698029.667886075, "from_location_timestamp": 1790500637.1075459, "to_location_timestamp": 1791629432.6272142, "from_location_age_warning": "from 12.0h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.8w later" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 2013404405, "to_node_id": 1862984455, "from_node_name": "VilaReal-8 (VREA)", "to_node_name": "SantaHelena-RL-8 (SHLN)", "snr": -2.0, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 33162.38466037458, "from_location_timestamp": 1791629432.6272142, "to_location_timestamp": 1790516050.6370418, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.8w later", "to_location_age_warning": "from 7.7h ago" }, { "hop_number": 5, "from_node_id": 1862984455, "to_node_id": 3761280500, "from_node_name": "SantaHelena-RL-8 (SHLN)", "to_node_name": "RRSpagerProto-GW-8 (page)", "snr": -18.25, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 5 } }, "has_return_path": true, "is_complete": false, "forward_path_display": "HSNf-8 (HSNf) → VilaReal-8 (VREA) → SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO)", "return_path_display": "SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO) → VilaReal-8 (VREA) → SantaHelena-RL-8 (SHLN) → RRSpagerProto-GW-8 (page)", "actual_rf_path_display": "HSNf-8 (HSNf) → VilaReal-8 (VREA) → SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO) → SantaHelena-RL-8 (SHLN) → RRSpagerProto-GW-8 (page)", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2658575116, "to_node_id": 2013404405, "from_node_name": "HSNf-8 (HSNf)", "to_node_name": "VilaReal-8 (VREA)", "snr": -20.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 27410.946828453183, "from_location_timestamp": 1790526784.690676, "to_location_timestamp": 1791629432.6272142, "from_location_age_warning": "from 4.8h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.8w later" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2013404405, "to_node_id": 4263709028, "from_node_name": "VilaReal-8 (VREA)", "to_node_name": "SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO)", "snr": -1.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 5698029.667886075, "from_location_timestamp": 1791629432.6272142, "to_location_timestamp": 1790500637.1075459, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.8w later", "to_location_age_warning": "from 12.0h ago" } ], "return_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 4263709028, "to_node_id": 2013404405, "from_node_name": "SerraDoMarao-RT-8 (MRAO)", "to_node_name": "VilaReal-8 (VREA)", "snr": -16.5, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 5698029.667886075, "from_location_timestamp": 1790500637.1075459, "to_location_timestamp": 1791629432.6272142, "from_location_age_warning": "from 12.0h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.8w later" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2013404405, "to_node_id": 1862984455, "from_node_name": "VilaReal-8 (VREA)", "to_node_name": "SantaHelena-RL-8 (SHLN)", "snr": -2.0, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 33162.38466037458, "from_location_timestamp": 1791629432.6272142, "to_location_timestamp": 1790516050.6370418, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.8w later", "to_location_age_warning": "from 7.7h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 1862984455, "to_node_id": 3761280500, "from_node_name": "SantaHelena-RL-8 (SHLN)", "to_node_name": "RRSpagerProto-GW-8 (page)", "snr": -18.25, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "total_forward_distance": 5725440.6147145275, "total_return_distance": 5731192.052546449 }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "packet": { "from": 4263709028, "to": 2658575116, "channel": 8, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "CgT1HAJ4EhSv//////////8B+///////////ARoM9RwCeAfjCm/0lTDgIh6+//////////8B+P//////////Abf//////////wE=", "request_id": 1384735422, "bitfield": 1 }, "id": 3045103862, "rx_time": 1790543923, "rx_snr": -11.5, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -121, "hop_start": 3, "relay_node": 244 }, "channel_id": "LongFast", "gateway_id": "!db51869c" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 4263709028, "to": 2658575116, "channel": 8, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "CgT1HAJ4EhSv//////////8B+///////////ARoM9RwCeAfjCm/0lTDgIh6+//////////8B+P//////////Abf//////////wE=", "request_id": 1384735422, "bitfield": 1, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 2013404405 ], "snr_towards": [ -81, -5 ], "route_back": [ 2013404405, 1862984455, 3761280500 ], "snr_back": [ -66, -8, -73 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } }, "id": 3045103862, "rx_time": 1790543923, "rx_snr": -11.5, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -121, "hop_start": 3, "relay_node": 244 } }
Raw Packet Data (74 bytes)
0a04f51c02781214afffffffffffffffff01fbffffffffffffffff011a0cf51c027807e30a6ff49530e0221ebeffffffffffffffff01f8ffffffffffffffff01b7ffffffffffffffff01
Hex Analysis:
Size:74 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
STechHome 🇵🇹📡-GW-8 (STH) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-121.0 dBm -11.50 dB 3 f4 page LongFast 2026-09-27 21:18:43 UTC Current
3 hops Gateways that received this packet after 3 hops
Sonia-8 (SO8) +1510.700s
After 		-49.0 dBm 6.25 dB 3 5e OC8 LongFast 2026-09-27 21:43:54 UTC View
2

Total Receptions

2

Unique Gateways