Packet #1949687 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO) to NXDOMAIN-Card-8💳 (NXCC)

Total Receptions

Unique Gateways

Hop Count

Payload Bytes

Packet Information

Database ID:	1949687
Mesh Packet ID:	`0xfe760958` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2026-08-15 14:56:38 UTC
From Node:	KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO)
To Node:	NXDOMAIN-Card-8💳 (NXCC)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	TRACEROUTE_APP Port: 70

Gateway:	Peq.Ajudante-BOT-🤖 (eaf1)
Channel:	LongFast
RSSI:	Unknown
SNR:	Unknown
Hop Info:	1/3 hops Start: 3, Limit: 2
Relay Node:	`b4` NFST Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions

Payload Data

Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP

Size: 51 bytes

Decoded: Yes

Decoded Data:

Route Information

Route Path:	Cabanas-GW-🎱🇵🇹 (GLGW) → LuzTavira☀️-GT-🎱🇵🇹 (GT01)
Hop Count:	1 hops
Status:	Forward complete, Return in progress
SNR Towards:	0.0 dB -16.0 dB -10.0 dB
Return Path:	AlgarveBBS-C-8 (NFST)
SNR Back:	-18.5 dB

Route Visualization

Loading route map...

Map shows the geographic path if nodes have shared location data.

Traceroute Steps

Hop	From Node	To Node	Distance	SNR (dB)	Direction	Analysis
1	NXDOMAIN-Card-8💳 (NXCC)	Cabanas-GW-🎱🇵🇹 (GLGW)	308.64 km	0.0 dB	Origin	Hops
2	Cabanas-GW-🎱🇵🇹 (GLGW)	LuzTavira☀️-GT-🎱🇵🇹 (GT01)	10.20 km	-16.0 dB	Relay	Hops
3	LuzTavira☀️-GT-🎱🇵🇹 (GT01)	KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO)	12.95 km	-10.0 dB	Destination	Hops

Return Path Steps

Hop	From Node	To Node	Distance	SNR (dB)	Direction	Analysis
1	KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO)	AlgarveBBS-C-8 (NFST)	10.98 km	-18.5 dB	Return Start	Hops

Total Forward Distance

331.79 km

Total Return Distance

10.98 km

Combined Traceroute Graph

· edge width = packets · node size = traffic · square = gateway

Click a node to focus all receptions through it · click a reception below for its exact route · wheel to zoom · drag background to pan

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Route — …

Receptions

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Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	51 bytes
Gateway:	!d3fdeaf1
Channel:	LongFast
Payload Type:	TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:	1 / 3

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Direct Message

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 2 more...

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
+ 1 more...

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!d3fdeaf1` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`LongFast` Default public channel
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (51 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Canonical MeshPacket view reconstructed from stored protobuf bytes.

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`3953562947` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`210028587` Target node ID	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`TRACEROUTE_APP` TRACEROUTE_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`51` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	`2` Remaining hops allowed	uint32
`hop_start`	`3` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`1` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	Not set	int32
`rx_snr`	Not set	float
`rx_time`	`1786805797` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	True Acknowledgment requested	bool
`priority`	`RESPONSE` Packet priority level	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	`8` Channel index	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`180` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	Not set	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
✓ Targeted to specific node
✓ Gateway node ID tracked

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Default channel - no encryption
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ Multi-hop path visible (1 hops)

MQTT-Specific Fields

Want ack:	`True`
Gateway ID:	`!d3fdeaf1`

Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:

Protocol:	TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:	51 bytes
Decoded:	Yes

Complete Payload Data (JSON):

{ "route_nodes": [ 3562715120, 1935380117 ], "snr_towards": [ 0.0, -16.0, -10.0 ], "route_back": [ 1977641140 ], "snr_back": [ -18.5 ], "route_node_names": { "3953562947": "KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO)", "210028587": "NXDOMAIN-Card-8💳 (NXCC)", "3562715120": "Cabanas-GW-🎱🇵🇹 (GLGW)", "1977641140": "AlgarveBBS-C-8 (NFST)", "1935380117": "LuzTavira☀️-GT-🎱🇵🇹 (GT01)" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 1949687, "timestamp": 1786805798.4103394, "from_node_id": 3953562947, "to_node_id": 210028587, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!d3fdeaf1", "channel_id": "LongFast", "mesh_packet_id": 4269148504, "rssi": 0, "snr": 0.0, "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 3, "payload_length": 51, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a08f0b75ad4958e5b73121500c0ffffffffffffffff01d8ffffffffffffffff011a04b468e075220ab6ffffffffffffffff01", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 80, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1786805797, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 180, "tx_after": 0, "raw_service_envelope": "0a650d4395a6eb152bc8840c18082a3e4c2c0ea18eb03738544cf79fe705377d5cb9902fcb78596a3e049463baa746ed3dd26944099a241f0eb511357664ef857b5e012a881c4bf388b465d1a9b835580976fe3d257e806a48025001585078039801b401a8010612084c6f6e67466173741a09216433666465616631", "timestamp_str": "2026-08-15 14:56:38 UTC", "hop_count": 1, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO)", "to_node_name": "NXDOMAIN-Card-8💳 (NXCC)", "relay_hex": "b4", "relay_candidates": [ { "node_id": 1977641140, "node_name": "AlgarveBBS-C-8", "hex_id": "!75e068b4", "short_name": "NFST", "last_byte": "b4" } ], "gateway_name": "Peq.Ajudante-BOT-🤖 (eaf1)", "gateway_location": null }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 1949687, "from_node_id": 3953562947, "to_node_id": 210028587, "timestamp": 1786805798.4103394, "gateway_id": "!d3fdeaf1", "raw_payload": "0a08f0b75ad4958e5b73121500c0ffffffffffffffff01d8ffffffffffffffff011a04b468e075220ab6ffffffffffffffff01", "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 3, "from_node_name": "KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO)", "to_node_name": "NXDOMAIN-Card-8💳 (NXCC)", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 3562715120, 1935380117 ], "snr_towards": [ 0.0, -16.0, -10.0 ], "route_back": [ 1977641140 ], "snr_back": [ -18.5 ] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward_with_return", "node_ids": [ 210028587, 3562715120, 1935380117, 3953562947 ], "node_names": [ "NXDOMAIN-Card-8💳 (NXCC)", "Cabanas-GW-🎱🇵🇹 (GLGW)", "LuzTavira☀️-GT-🎱🇵🇹 (GT01)", "KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO)" ], "snr_values": [ 0.0, -16.0, -10.0 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 210028587, "to_node_id": 3562715120, "from_node_name": "NXDOMAIN-Card-8💳 (NXCC)", "to_node_name": "Cabanas-GW-🎱🇵🇹 (GLGW)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 308637.7395155528, "from_location_timestamp": 1786674395.1355617, "to_location_timestamp": 1786804722.4210563, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.5d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.3h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 3562715120, "to_node_id": 1935380117, "from_node_name": "Cabanas-GW-🎱🇵🇹 (GLGW)", "to_node_name": "LuzTavira☀️-GT-🎱🇵🇹 (GT01)", "snr": -16.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 10204.895076481285, "from_location_timestamp": 1786804722.4210563, "to_location_timestamp": 1786800647.2442448, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.3h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.4h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 1935380117, "to_node_id": 3953562947, "from_node_name": "LuzTavira☀️-GT-🎱🇵🇹 (GT01)", "to_node_name": "KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO)", "snr": -10.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 12948.940648296686, "from_location_timestamp": 1786800647.2442448, "to_location_timestamp": 1786374257.8408842, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.4h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 5.0d ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 3 }, "return_path": { "path_type": "return", "node_ids": [ 3953562947, 1977641140 ], "node_names": [ "KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO)", "AlgarveBBS-C-8 (NFST)" ], "snr_values": [ -18.5 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3953562947, "to_node_id": 1977641140, "from_node_name": "KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO)", "to_node_name": "AlgarveBBS-C-8 (NFST)", "snr": -18.5, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 10984.657273948073, "from_location_timestamp": 1786374257.8408842, "to_location_timestamp": 1786804723.0927052, "from_location_age_warning": "from 5.0d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.3h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 1 }, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "combined_rf", "node_ids": [ 210028587, 3562715120, 1935380117, 3953562947, 1977641140 ], "node_names": [ "NXDOMAIN-Card-8💳 (NXCC)", "Cabanas-GW-🎱🇵🇹 (GLGW)", "LuzTavira☀️-GT-🎱🇵🇹 (GT01)", "KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO)", "AlgarveBBS-C-8 (NFST)" ], "snr_values": [ 0.0, -16.0, -10.0, -18.5 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 210028587, "to_node_id": 3562715120, "from_node_name": "NXDOMAIN-Card-8💳 (NXCC)", "to_node_name": "Cabanas-GW-🎱🇵🇹 (GLGW)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 308637.7395155528, "from_location_timestamp": 1786674395.1355617, "to_location_timestamp": 1786804722.4210563, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.5d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.3h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 3562715120, "to_node_id": 1935380117, "from_node_name": "Cabanas-GW-🎱🇵🇹 (GLGW)", "to_node_name": "LuzTavira☀️-GT-🎱🇵🇹 (GT01)", "snr": -16.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 10204.895076481285, "from_location_timestamp": 1786804722.4210563, "to_location_timestamp": 1786800647.2442448, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.3h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.4h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 1935380117, "to_node_id": 3953562947, "from_node_name": "LuzTavira☀️-GT-🎱🇵🇹 (GT01)", "to_node_name": "KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO)", "snr": -10.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 12948.940648296686, "from_location_timestamp": 1786800647.2442448, "to_location_timestamp": 1786374257.8408842, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.4h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 5.0d ago" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 3953562947, "to_node_id": 1977641140, "from_node_name": "KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO)", "to_node_name": "AlgarveBBS-C-8 (NFST)", "snr": -18.5, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 10984.657273948073, "from_location_timestamp": 1786374257.8408842, "to_location_timestamp": 1786804723.0927052, "from_location_age_warning": "from 5.0d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.3h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 4 } }, "has_return_path": true, "is_complete": true, "forward_path_display": "NXDOMAIN-Card-8💳 (NXCC) → Cabanas-GW-🎱🇵🇹 (GLGW) → LuzTavira☀️-GT-🎱🇵🇹 (GT01) → KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO)", "return_path_display": "KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO) → AlgarveBBS-C-8 (NFST)", "actual_rf_path_display": "NXDOMAIN-Card-8💳 (NXCC) → Cabanas-GW-🎱🇵🇹 (GLGW) → LuzTavira☀️-GT-🎱🇵🇹 (GT01) → KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO) → AlgarveBBS-C-8 (NFST)", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 210028587, "to_node_id": 3562715120, "from_node_name": "NXDOMAIN-Card-8💳 (NXCC)", "to_node_name": "Cabanas-GW-🎱🇵🇹 (GLGW)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 308637.7395155528, "from_location_timestamp": 1786674395.1355617, "to_location_timestamp": 1786804722.4210563, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.5d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.3h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 3562715120, "to_node_id": 1935380117, "from_node_name": "Cabanas-GW-🎱🇵🇹 (GLGW)", "to_node_name": "LuzTavira☀️-GT-🎱🇵🇹 (GT01)", "snr": -16.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 10204.895076481285, "from_location_timestamp": 1786804722.4210563, "to_location_timestamp": 1786800647.2442448, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.3h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.4h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 1935380117, "to_node_id": 3953562947, "from_node_name": "LuzTavira☀️-GT-🎱🇵🇹 (GT01)", "to_node_name": "KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO)", "snr": -10.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 12948.940648296686, "from_location_timestamp": 1786800647.2442448, "to_location_timestamp": 1786374257.8408842, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.4h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 5.0d ago" } ], "return_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3953562947, "to_node_id": 1977641140, "from_node_name": "KOLHF-GW-8🇵🇹 (OLHO)", "to_node_name": "AlgarveBBS-C-8 (NFST)", "snr": -18.5, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 10984.657273948073, "from_location_timestamp": 1786374257.8408842, "to_location_timestamp": 1786804723.0927052, "from_location_age_warning": "from 5.0d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.3h ago" } ], "total_forward_distance": 331791.57524033077, "total_return_distance": 10984.657273948073 }

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "packet": { "from": 3953562947, "to": 210028587, "channel": 8, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "Cgjwt1rUlY5bcxIVAMD//////////wHY//////////8BGgS0aOB1Igq2//////////8B", "request_id": 3626807521, "bitfield": 1 }, "id": 4269148504, "rx_time": 1786805797, "hop_limit": 2, "want_ack": true, "priority": "RESPONSE", "hop_start": 3, "relay_node": 180, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_MULTICAST_UDP" }, "channel_id": "LongFast", "gateway_id": "!d3fdeaf1" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 3953562947, "to": 210028587, "channel": 8, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "Cgjwt1rUlY5bcxIVAMD//////////wHY//////////8BGgS0aOB1Igq2//////////8B", "request_id": 3626807521, "bitfield": 1, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 3562715120, 1935380117 ], "snr_towards": [ 0, -64, -40 ], "route_back": [ 1977641140 ], "snr_back": [ -74 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } }, "id": 4269148504, "rx_time": 1786805797, "hop_limit": 2, "want_ack": true, "priority": "RESPONSE", "hop_start": 3, "relay_node": 180, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_MULTICAST_UDP" } }

Raw Packet Data (51 bytes)

0a08f0b75ad4958e5b73121500c0ffffffffffffffff01d8ffffffffffffffff011a04b468e075220ab6ffffffffffffffff01

Hex Analysis:

Size:	51 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

All Receptions

All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID

Gateway	Time Offset	RSSI	SNR	Hops	Relay	Channel	Timestamp	Actions
Peq.Ajudante-BOT-🤖 (eaf1) Primary	0.000s Reference	Unknown	Unknown	1	`b4` NFST	LongFast	2026-08-15 14:56:38 UTC	Current
No other receptions found within ±2 seconds

1

Total Receptions

1

Unique Gateways